FRIBOURG

FRIBOURG
FRIBOURG (Ger. Freiburg), capital of the Swiss canton of that name. Jews lived in the area before 1348 in Murten/Morat (1294/99). On the outbreak of the Black Death (1348–49), the Jews in the area, like those in the rest of Europe, were accused of causing the epidemic by spreading poison. After 1356 a number of Jews received permission to settle in the city of Fribourg as citizens and to engage in moneylending. As elsewhere in Switzerland, they lived in their own part of the town, although not confined to a ghetto. The decrees of expulsion of 1428 and 1463 were not permanent. Jews were subsequently granted the right to buy houses. Until at least 1481 Jews could live in the city. In that same year, Fribourg entered the Swiss Confederation. Eight Jewish doctors resided in Fribourg and others in the town of Murten, the most famous being Ackin de Vesoul. The next mention of a Jewish presence in Fribourg dates from 1678, but Jews may have been present earlier. Jewish cattle dealers and peddlers were permitted to visit the city's open market, but the ban on Jewish commerce issued by nearby berne in 1787 also affected Fribourg until 1798. Restrictions against the settlement of Jews remained in force until 1864, though some privileged Jews received residence permits after 1843. The present community was founded in 1895 by Alsatian Jews. In 2000, Jews in the canton of Fribourg numbered   138 persons; 66 were members of the community. The community built a synagogue in 1904 and acquired a cemetery. It was given official status in 1990/2001. The leading Nordmann family opened department stores. Jean Nordmann, president of the Jewish Community Association in 1973–80, was one of the first Jewish colonels in the Swiss army. Jewish subjects are taught at the local Catholic university. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Kober, in: F. Boehm and W. Dirks (eds.), Judentum, Schicksal, Wesen und Gegenwart, 1 (1965), 162–3; A. Weldler-Steinberg, 2 vols. Geschichte der Juden in der Schweiz (1966/70), index S.V. Freiburg; ADD. BIBLIOGRAPHY: C. Agustoni, Les Juifs de Fribourg (1987). A, Kamis, Vie Juive en Suisse (1992), SIG (ed.), Juedische Lebenswelt Schweiz. 100 Jahre Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund (2004). (Uri Kaufmann (2nd ed.)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

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  • fribourg — ● fribourg nom masculin Gruyère fabriqué dans le canton de Fribourg. Fribourg v. de l O. de la Suisse; 37 400 hab.; ch. l. du cant. du m. nom. Centre industr. Université cathol. fondée en 1889. Cath. goth. St Nicolas (XIIIe XVe s.). Remparts… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Fribourg — País …   Wikipedia Español

  • Fribourg — steht für Kanton Freiburg, Schweiz Freiburg im Üechtland, die Hauptstadt des Kantons Freiburg Fribourg (Moselle), Gemeinde im Département Moselle, Frankreich Siehe auch: Freiburg …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Fribourg —   [fri buːr], französischer Name von Kanton und Stadt Freiburg, Schweiz …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Fribourg — → Friburgo …   Diccionario panhispánico de dudas

  • fribourg — FRIBOURG, Friburgum …   Thresor de la langue françoyse

  • Fribourg — [frē boor′] canton of WC Switzerland: 645 sq mi (1,671 sq km); pop. 222,000 …   English World dictionary

  • Fribourg — Infobox Swiss town subject name = Fribourg/Freiburg municipality name = Fribourg/Freiburg municipality type = city imagepath coa = City of Fribourg coat of arms.svg|pixel coa= languages = French (ca. 21.240 inhabitants) German (ca. 8.288… …   Wikipedia

  • Fribourg — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Fribourg, en allemand Freiburg ou Freyburg, est un toponyme formé sur les radicaux germaniques frei « libre » (dans le sens de « franche»,… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Fribourg — Fr. /frddee boohrdd /, n. 1. a canton in W Switzerland. 181,800; 644 sq. mi. (1668 sq. km). 2. a town in and the capital of this canton. 40,500. German, Freiburg. * * * ▪ Switzerland German  Freiburg    capital of Fribourg canton, Switzerland. It …   Universalium

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